N-octyl cinnamic is a compound that has potential as a drug as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, but is constrained by the nature of n-octyl cinnamate which is difficult to dissolve in water, causing low bioavailability in the systemic circulation. To overcome this problem, curcumin is formulated in the form of nanoparticles using chitosan polymer, a derivative of chitin which can be obtained from crab and shrimp shell waste. This study aims to synthesize n-octyl cinnamic nanoparticles using a simple coating method using chitosan and sodium alginate and to evaluate the stability of the nanoparticles in vitro.........

Keywords : Nanoparticle, Anti-inflammatory, n-octyl cyanamate/Alginate/chitosan, Synthesis.

[1] J. D. Guzman, "Natural cinnamic acids, synthetic derivatives and hybrids with antimicrobial activity," Molecules, vol. 19, no. 12. MDPI AG, pp. 19292–19349, Dec. 2014, doi: 10.3390/molecules191219292.

[2] T. Vogt, "Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis," Mol. Plant, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 2–20, 2010, doi: 10.1093/mp/ssp106.
[3] S. B. França, P. R. dos S. Correia, I. B. D. de Castro, E. F. da Silva Júnior, M. E. de S. B. Barros, and D. J. da P. Lima, "Synthesis, applications and Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) of cinnamic acid derivatives: a review," Res. Soc. Dev., vol. 10, no. 1, p. e28010111691, 2021, doi: 10.33448/rsdv10i1.11691.

The role of pharmacists in diabetes management, including patient identification, assessment, education, referral, and monitoring, is described. Pharmacists can help identify patients with diabetes through screening and should target patients at high risk, people with a family history of the disease, and women with a history of gestational diabetes or who delivered a baby weighing more than nine pounds. Patient education should be provided immediately after diagnosis, at a second stage at which time a patient assessment can be performed, and at a third stage during which patients can receive continuing education to reinforce concepts and a motivational boost..........

Key words: pharmacy, interventions, outcomes, benefits, glycemic control, cost – effectiveness.

[1]. American Diabetes Association Standards of medical care in diabetes - 2013. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(Suppl 1):S11–S66.
[2]. Pinhas-Hamiel O, Zeitler P. The global spread of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescent. J Pediatr. 2005;146(5):693–700.
[3]. American Diabetes Association Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents. Diabetes Care. 2000;23 (3):381–389.
[4]. International Diabetes Federation IDF Diabetes Atlas. Seventh Edition. 2015. Available from: www.diabetesatlas.org. Accessed October 28, 2016.
[5]. World Health Organization Obesity and overweight. Fact sheet [updated June 2016] [Accessed October 28, 2016]. Available from: http://www.who.int/media centre/factsheets/fs311/en/Accessed October 28,2016.

This work aimed to investigate the anti-gastric ulcer activity of the hydro alcoholic extract of Perichlaenarichardii leaves in rat. Its effect on gastric mucosa was studied on gastric lesions induced by orally administering indomethacin at dose 30 mg/kg for 5 days. Misoprostol, at the dose of 1.4 μg/kg, was used as reference, while the effect of extract P. richardii on acid secretion was investigated after pylorus ligation. The extract P. richardii reduces indomethacin induced gastric surface ulcerous lesions. The administration of the extract at doses 150 and 300 mg/kg results in the reduction of surface lesions from.......

Key word- Anti-secretory,antiulcer, muco-protector, rat

[1] A. Allen, G. Flemstrom, A. Garner, and E. Kivilaakso,Gastroduodenal mucosal protection,American Physiological Society, 73(4), 1993, 823-830.
[2] A. Allen and G.Flemström, Gastroduodenal mucus bicarbonate barrier: protection against acid and pepsin,American Journal of Physiology, 288(1), 2005, C1-9.
[3] JD. Kaunitz andY.Akiba, Gastroduodenal mucosal defense: Role of endogenous mediators. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology, 20, 2004, 526-532.

Nanopharmaceuticals represent an emerging field where the sizes of drug particles or a therapeutic delivery system work at the nanoscale. Nanotechnology can offer the advantages of increasing solubility and bioavailability of delivering drugs. Nearly 40% of drugs coming to the market nowadays are having poor solvency-related issues and 70% of molecules in the discovery are in effect fundamentally insoluble in water, a long-standing issue is the difficulty of delivering the appropriate dose of a particular active agent to the specific disease site......

[1]. H. Beyers, S. Malan, J. Vander Watt, M. De Villiers Structure-solubility relationship and thermal decomposition of furosemide
[2]. In Vitro Release Test of Nano-drug Delivery Systems Based on Analytical and Technological Perspectives
[3]. Author(s) Emirhan Nemutlu, Ipek Eroglu, Hakan Eroglu, Sedef Kir
[4]. Review Article A Review of In Vitro Drug Release Test Methods for Nano- Sized Dosage Forms Susan D'Souza Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc, Marlborough, Nanoemulsion: Importance in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology
[5]. Release of Hydrochlorothiazide by Nanosization Technique Vinod Mokale1,*, Bharti Khatumaria2, Umakant Verma1, Navin Shimpi2, Jitendra Naik1 and Satyendra Mishra2

Background: Ketoprofen (KETO) is an example of drugs with limited solubility and high permeability that are classified as biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) class II. Its poor water solubility can give rise to formulation problems and reduce its therapeutic efficiency and bioavailability. Materials and Methods: A simple solution mixing method was used to formulate KETO into solid dispersion with cationic hydrophilic polymers; Eudragit® E (EE) and chitosan (CH). These solid dispersions were prepared at various drug:polymer ratios; 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 by solvent evaporation methods......

Key Words: Ketoprofen; Chitosan; Eudragit E; Solid dispersion; Solvent evaporation.

[1]. Adeyeye MC, Brittain HG (Eds.) Preformulation solid dosage form development; Informa Healthcare USA: New York, NY, USA, 2008.
[2]. Di L, Fish PV, Mano T, Bridging solubility between drug discovery and development. Drug Discov Today. 2012; 17(9-10): 486–495.
[3]. Kalepu S, Nekkanti V, Insoluble drug delivery strategies: Review of recent advances and business prospects. Acta Pharm. Sin. B. 2015; 5: 442–453.
[4]. Tsume Y, Langguth P, Garcia-Arieta A, Amidon GL, In silico prediction of drug dissolution and absorption with variation in intestinal pH for BCS class II weak acid drugs: Ibuprofen and ketoprofen. Biopharm. Drug Dispos. 2012; 33: 366–377.
[5]. Maestrelli F, Zerroukb N, Cirri M, Menninia N, Mura P, Microspheres for colonic delivery of ketoprofen-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin complex. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 2008; 34: 1-11.