Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Lipid Profiles And Hematological Responses Of Broiler Finishers Fed With Leaf Meals Derived From 'Ntong' (Ocimumgratissimum) And 'Utasi' (Gongronemalatifolium)
Country	::	Nigeria
Authors	::	Essiet||Akanimo Gordon || Solomon || Isongesit P.
Page No.	::	01-13
Paper Index	::	DOI : 10.9790/3013-038101-13
ANED	::	DOI :05.3013/038101013

There is a need to identify new sources of poultry fodder in order to meet the growing demand for animal protein in the developing world. To this end, experiments were conducted to determine how the inclusion of Ocimumgratissimum ("Ntong") and Gongronemalatifolium ("Utasi") leaf meals in the diets of broiler finishers affect the birds' growth performance, carcass characteristics, hematological indices and lipid profiles.Fresh leaves of the two plant species were dried and pulverized and then mixed with conventional feeds in various proportions to produce seven experimental diets that were fed to groups of broiler finishers. The chemical composition of each diet was determined by proximate analysis. Diet 1 (the control) contained no leaf meal (0%); diets 2, 3 and 4 contained 1%, 6% and 11% Ocimum Leaf Meal (OLM), respectively; and diets 5, 6 and 7 contained 1%, 6%, and 11% Gongronema leaf Meal (GLM), respectively The feed intakes of the control and treatment groups (120.3g, 120.8g, 120.43g, 114.2g, 120.1g, 119.0g and 117.2g/day) did not differ significantly (p>0.05). However, the body weights of the birds in different treatment groups did (p<0.05). Notably, birds consuming the 1% OLM (1683.0g) and 11% GLM (1716.6g) diets had lower final weights than did birds in the control group. In addition, there were significant differences (p<0.05) between the treatment groups with respect to carcass characteristics.The blood indices and lipid profiles of the studied birds were significantly (p<0.05) affected by the inclusion of the leaf meals, although the values of the hematological indices were generally low. These results suggest that Ocimumgratissimum and Gongronemalatifolium leaf meals have considerable potential as supplementary components of broiler finisher diets in developing countries but further investigations will be required to determine the optimal level of inclusion for these meals, to identify the bioactive compounds they contain, and to develop appropriate detoxification procedures to mitigate their potential adverse effects on growth performance.

 

KEY WORDS:Arteriosclerosis, Cholesterolaemia, Ocimumgratissimum, Gongronemalatifolium, Lipidaemia

[1] Adeboye, O.C., Ogbe. O.F.D., Barnidele, J.F. (2003a) Ethnobotany: Indigenous leaf vegetables of South West Nigeria. Delpinoa45 : 295-299.
[2] Adeboye, J.O and Iwalewa, O.J. (2003b). Analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory effects of methanol, chloroform, and ether extracts of vernoniacinerrealess leaf.J. Ethnopharmacol. 86 (20) : 229-234.
[3] Agale, B.M and Uko, O.J. (1989) Effects of season, sex and species differences on PCV of guinea and Domestic fowls in Sokoto, Nigeria.Vet. J.,19 : 95-99.
[4] Agricultural Research Council (ARC) (1975).The nutrient requirements of farm livestock, no. 1: Poultry. London, Agricultural Research Council.
[5] Anderson, J.O. and Warnick, R.E. (1989).Sequence in which essential amino acids become limiting for growth of chicks and rations containing cotton seed meal.Poult.Sci, 45 : 84-89.
[6] AOAC (1999).Official Methods of Analysis.Washington D.C., Association of Analytical Chemists.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Protective Effect of Enzymatic Hydrolyzate of Chlorophytum Comosum (L.) Against Experimental Toxic Liver Injury In Wistar Rats At The Age Of 3 Months
Country	::	Russian
Authors	::	David A. Areshidze|| Lyudmila D. Timchenko|| Maria A. Кozlova
Page No.	::	14-21
Paper Index	::	DOI : 10.9790/3013-0381014-21
ANED	::	DOI : 05.3013/0381014021

Researches of age-dependent changes of liver functions are an important issue of modern biomedicine. In this regard the researches of correction of these changes with use of various biologically active agents are also very actual. Investigation of the influence of the enzymatic hydrolyzate of Chlorophytum comosum (L.) on the liver of rats at the age of 3 months at its experimental toxic damage by CCl4 showed that the substrate has expressed hepatoprotective effect. At hydrolyzate application morphological changes in the rat liver with toxic damage are much less pronounced than in the controls. There are also less significant deviations from normal levels of Alanine transamilase (ALT), Alanine transaminase AST and Total Bilirubin in blood plasma in comparison with control group. Information analysis of the state of the organ indicates the substantial increase of adaptation and regeneration opportunities of the liver of rats treated with an enzymatic hydrolyzate of Chlorophytum comosum (L.) compared with the liver of rats with experimental toxic liver damage without the use of studied substrate. Histopathological analysis confirmed the simplification of liver damage at application of enzymatic hydrolyzate of Chlorophytum comosum (L.)

 

KEY WORDS: Liver, Hydrolizate, Hepatotoxicity, Hepatocyte, Chlorophytum comosum (L.)

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[5] G.G. Avtandilov. Medical Morphometry. Meditsina, Moscow. 2008, 298. [in Russian].
[6] M. Petronijevic and K. Ilic. Associations of gender and age with the reporting of drug-induced hepatic failure: data from the VigiBase™. J ClinPharmacol. 53(4), 2013, 435-443.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Silver-Russel Syndrome (Srs) : A Review Of Current Concepts
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Dr.Sonali Shah||Dr. Manpreet Kaur|| Dr.J.Paulin Vijay Chandran||Dr. Sheshadri Sekhar K|| Dr.VK Vijay||Dr.Prashant Babaji
Page No.	::	22-26
Paper Index	::	DOI : 10.9790/3013-0381022-26
ANED	::	DOI : 05.3013/0381022026

Russell-Silver syndrome is a growth disorder characterized by slow growth before and after birth. Many children with Russell-Silver syndrome have a small, triangular face with distinctive facial features including a prominent forehead, a narrow chin, a small jaw, and down-turned corners of the mouth

 

KEYWORDS: Silver-Russel syndrome,

[1] Victor A. McKusick, Jane Kelly(2011): OMIM entry,John Hopkins University
[2] 2 . Thomas Eggermann1, Karin Buiting2 and I Karen Temple3(1953):Clinical utility gene card for: Silver–Russell syndrome European Journal of Human Genetics 19, doi:10.1038/ejhg.2010.202; published online 8 December 2010
[3] Silver, H. K., Kiyasu, W., George, J., Deamer, W. C(1953): Syndrome of congenital hemihypertrophy, shortness of stature, and elevated urinary gonadotropins. Pediatrics 12: 368-376
[4] Russell, A.( 1954): A syndrome of intra-uterine-dwarfism recognizable at birth with cranio-facial dysostosis, disproportionate short arms, and other anomalies (5 examples). Proc. Roy. Soc. Med. 47: 1040-1044.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Synthesis And Anti-Inflammatory Activity On Sulpha/Substituted Pyrazoles(1,2-Diazole)
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Rigvendra Malik|| Naresh Pal|| Gajendra Singh|| C.P. singh
Page No.	::	27-30
Paper Index	::	DOI : 10.9790/3013-0381027-30
ANED	::	DOI : 05.3013/0381027030

A Novel compound namely N1-(Nicotinoyl) 3,5 dimethyl-4-(N1-4-sulfamoylazo)-1,2-diazole has been synthesised by two step processes. Synthesis of N1-4-sulphamoylphenylhydrazono-3,5-dimethyl propane-1,3-dione and sulphonamide, which interacting with Nicotinic acid hydrazide to form final compound. The newely synthesised compound N1-(nicotinoyl)-3,5-dimethyl 4-(N-4-sulfamoyl phenyl azo) 1,2-diazoles was screened for anti-inflammatory activity.

 

KEYWORDS: synthesis, anti-inflammatory activity, sulphonamide 1,3-diketone, Nicotinic acid hydrazide

[1] Achson a, An introduction to the chemistry of heterocyclic compounds 3rd edition, Wiley interscience, India 2000.

[2] G. capan, N. Ulusoy, N. Ergenc, M. Krtaz, New 6-phenylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives: Synthesis and antifungal activity. Monatsh. Chem. 1999, 130, 1399

[3] R.U. Roy, a. R. Desai, K.R. Desai, "synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of 1,2,4-Thiazoles, E-Journal of Chemistry, 2005, 2(6),1.

[4] M.G. Vigorita, R. Ottana, F. Monforte, R. maccari, A. Trovato, M. T. Monforte, M.F. Taviano, Synthesis and anti-inflammatory, analgesic activity of 3,3-(1,2-ethandiyl)-bis[2-aryl-4-thiazolidinone] chiral compounds. Part 10. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2001, 11, 2791.

[5] C.V. Kavitha, S. Basappa, S. Nanjunda, K. Mantelingu, S. Doreswamy, M. A. Sridhar, J.S. Prasad, K.S. Rangappa, Synthesis of new bioactive venlafaxine analogs: Novel thiazolidin-4-ones as antimicrobilas. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2006, 14, 2290.

[6] R. Ottana, R. Maccari, M.L. Barreca, G.Bruno, A. Rotondo, A. Rossi, G. Chiricosta, R. Di Paola, L. Sautebin, S. Cuzzocrea, M.G. Vigorita, 5-Arylidene-2-imino-4-thiazolidinones: Design and synthesis of novel anti-inflammatory agents. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2005, 13, 4243.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Candidate Molecules as Tumor Suppressor for Human Uterine Mesenchymal Tumor
Country	::	Japan
Authors	::	Takuma Hayashi|| Akiko Horiuchi|| Susumu Tonegawa ||Ikuo Konishi
Page No.	::	31-37
Paper Index	::	DOI : 10.9790/3013-0381031-37
ANED	::	DOI : 05.3013/0381031037

Uterine leiomyosarcoma (Ut-LMS) develops more often in myometrium of the uterine body than in the uterine cervix. The development of gynecologic tumors is often correlated with female hormone secretion; however, the development of Ut-LMS is not substantially correlated with hormonal conditions, and the risk factor(s) are not yet known. Importantly, a diagnostic-biomarker, which distinguishes malignant tumor Ut-LMS from benign tumor leiomyoma (LMA), is yet to be established. Accordingly, it is necessary to examine risk factor(s) associated with Ut-LMS, to establish a diagnosis and a clinical treatment method. The mice with a homozygous deficiency for proteasome -ring subunit, low-molecular mass polypeptide (LMP)2/1i spontaneously develop Ut-LMS, with a disease prevalence of ~37% by 12 months of age. In the recent study, we found LMP2/1i expression to be absent in human Ut-LMS, but clearly present in other human uterine mesenchymal tumors including uterine LMA. Further analyses with clinical materials and the gene-modified mice have not clarified the biological significance of the TP53 and retinoblastoma (Rb) pathway in malignant myometrium transformation, thus implicating LMP2/1i as an anti-tumorigenic candidate. This role of LMP2/1i as a tumor suppressor may lead to new therapeutic targets in human Ut-LMS. (191 words)

 

KEYWORDS: LMP2/1i, p53, Rb, tumor suppressor, leiomyosarcoma, mesenchymal tumor,

[1] Zaloudek C, Hendrickson MR. Mesenchymal tumors of the uterus, in Kurman RJ.(ed): Blaustein`s Pathology of the Female Genital Tract (ed 5). New York, Springer-Verlag 2002; 5: 561-78.

[2] Wu TI, Chang TC, Hsueh S, Hsu KH, Chou HH, Huang HJ, Lai CH. Prognostic factors and impact of adjuvant chemotherapy for uterine leiomyosarcoma. Gynecol. Oncol. 2006; 100: 166-72.

[3] Leitao MM, Soslow RA, Nonaka D, Olshen AB, Aghajanian C, Sabbatini P, Dupont J, Hensley M, Sonoda Y, Barakat RR, Anderson S. Tissue microarray immunohisto chemical expression of estrogen, progesterone, and androgen receptors in uterine leiomyomata and leiomyosarcoma. Cancer 2004; 101: 1455-62.

[4] Perez EA, Pusztai L, Van de Vijver M. Improving patient care through molecular diagnostics. Semin. Oncol. 2004; 31: 14-20.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	A Study of Variations in Serum Cortisol and Urinary Spot Creatinine Levels in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Sivaa R|| Thiagarajan G|| Meenakshi V|| Anil kumar M
Page No.	::	38-41
Paper Index	::	DOI : 10.9790/3013-0381038-41
ANED	::	DOI : 05.3013/0381038041

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) due to road traffic accidents is one the leading cause of death in India. Though several radiological diagnostic modalities are available to visualize the extent of injury, no perfect biomarkers are available to access the clinical condition of the patients. Since serum cortisol and urinary creatinine excretion are associated with the patho-physiology of TBI, we aimed to find the association between their levels and the clinical condition of the patients.
Totally 54 TBI patients categorized as mild (n=23), moderate (n=15) and severe (n=16) based on their admission day GCS scores were analyzed for serum cortisol and urinary creatinine at the day of admission and discharge. Both serum cortisol (<0.0001), and urinary spot creatinine (<0.0001) showed a significant difference in their levels between the admission and discharge day. Serum cortisol levels showed a significant correlation among mild and moderate categories. Urinary spot creatinine levels correlated significantly among mild and severe categories. Serum cortisol and urinary spot creatinine are found to be important biomarkers of neurotrauma.

 

Keywords: Traumatic brain injury(TBI), Cortisol, Creatinine.

[1.] Lopez AD, Murray CC. The global burden of disease 1990-2020. Nature Medicine 1998;4:1241-1243.
[2.] Gururaj G. Epidemiology of Traumatic Brain Injuries: Indian Scenario. Neurological Research 2002;24:1-5.
[3.] Dhandapani SS, Manju D, Vivekanandhan S, Agarwal M, Mahapatra AK. Prospective longitudinal study of biochemical changes in critically ill patients with severe traumatic brain injury: Factors associated and outcome at 6 month. Indian Journal of Neurotrauma 2010;7(1):23-28
[4.] Kaplan LA, Pesce AJ. Clinical Chemistry. 5th edition. Missouri. Mosby:Elsevier;2010. Chapter 51. Adrenal Hormones And Hypertension; P.1001.
[5.] Llompart-Pou JA, Perez G, Riesco M, Perez-Barcena J, Brell M, Ibanez J. Loss of cortisol circadian rhythm in patients with traumatic brain injury: A microdialysis Evaluation. Neurocrit care 2010;13(2):211-6

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Metabolic disturbances in schizophrenia: Association with disease and drugs
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Dr. Anant D Patil
Page No.	::	42-44
Paper Index	::	DOI : 10.9790/3013-0381042-44
ANED	::	DOI : 05.3013/0381042044

Schizophrenia is a chronic and complex psychiatry disorder. Metabolic complications are commonly seen in patients with schizophrenia both in drug naive as well as treatment experienced patients. The disease itself is known for some of the derangements in metabolic parameters. Similarly, many of the antipsychotics especially second generation antipsychotics can cause metabolic disturbances which may complicate the management of schizophrenia. Long duration of treatment with second generation antipsychotics carry high risk of metabolic syndrome. It is important to select an antipsychotic with no or less potential to cause such abnormalities while treating schizophrenia. Selection of the right antipsychotic based on the potential to cause metabolic disturbances can be one of the important factors for successful outcome of the disease management. Similarly, regular screening of metabolic parameters in schizophrenia patients and treatment of these complications is equally important. Multi-disciplinary approach may be more beneficial in detecting and managing these complications.

 

Key words: Antipsychotic, metabolic disturbance, schizophrenia,

[1.] Walker E, Kestler L, Bollini A, Hochman KM. Schizophrenia: Etiology and Course. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 2004. 55:401–30
[2.] Steve Brown, Miranda Kim, Clemence Mitchell and Hazel Inskip. Twenty-five year mortality of a community cohort with schizophrenia. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2010. 196, 116–121
[3.] Hert MD, Schreurs V, Vancampfort D, Winkel RV. Metabolic syndrome in people with schizophrenia: a review. World Psychiatry 2009:8:15-22

[4.] Jiang J, See YM, Subramaniam M, Lee J. Investigation of Cigarette Smoking among Male Schizophrenia Patients. PLoS One 2013 Aug15; 8 (8):e e71343. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071343.

[5.] Srinivasan TN, Thara R. Smoking in schizophrenia -- all is not biological. Schizophr Res. 2002; Jul 1; 56 (1-2): 67-74