Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Chemical biodirected determination of Ricinus communis and Argemone mexicana extracts
Country	::	México
Authors	::	Hebert Jair Barrales-Cureño ||, Jesús Eduardo Zaragoza Ruiz ||, César Reyes Reyes ||, Petra Andrade Hoyos ||, Alfonso Luna Cruz ||, Leticia Mónica Sánchez Herrera ||, Juan Antonio Cortes Ruiz ||, María Carmina Calderón Caballero ||, Salvador Chávez Salinas ||, and Luis Germán López Valdez
Page No.	::	01-06

In human pharmacology, Ricinus communis and Argemone mexicana are two medicinal plants with great therapeutic potential. Identification of therapeutic secondary metabolites was performed in this research from Ricinus communis and Argemone mexicana aqueous, chloroform and ethanol extracts. Argemone mexicana flavonoids were identified through the Shinoda, gaseous ammonia and base action on aqueous extracts tests. Moreover, flavonoids analysis was performed using Ricinus communis and adding gaseous ammonia and base. Presence of sterols was also identified via the Liebermann-Burchard test; saponins recognition by way of the dihydrocodeine test; leucoanthocyanidins detection was conducted by using the acidity test; meanwhile coumarins identification was made through applying UV light on Ricinus communis extracts. In addition, works revealed acidity and presence of vitamin C, and included DNA extraction from different organs of the Ricinus communis plant.

 

Keywords – Flavonoids, Leucoanthocyanidins, Saponins, Secondary metabolites, Vitamin C.

[1] HS Waizel and B.J. Waizel, Algunas plantas utilizadas en México para el tratamiento del asma. Anales de Otorrinolaringología, 54(4), 2009, 145-171
[2] M Krishna, T. Khemchandani and R. Balaji, Extraction of a novel biopesticide obtained from agricultural weeds useful for medicinal plants, Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 7(30), 2013, 2236-2242.
[3] LP Iaxmikant and K.R. Bhimashankar. Ricinus communis (Castor): An Overview. International Journal of Research in Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics, 3(2), 2014, 136-144.
[4] R Pita, A. Anadón and L.M.R Martínez, Ricina: una fitotoxina de uso potencial como arma. Revista de Toxicología, 21(2), 2004, 51-63.
[5] Y Lezcano, M. Soca, L.M. Sánchez, F. Ojeda, Y. Olivera, D. Fontes, I.L. Montejo and H. Santana, Caracterización cualitativa del contenido de metabolitos secundarios en la fracción comestible de Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray, Pastos y Forrajes, 35(3), 2012, 283-291.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Formulation and Evaluation of Floating Beads of Norfloxacin
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Yadav V. D ||, Babar S. A. ||, Dr. S. Satheshkumar ||, Dr. P. Shanmugasundaram
Page No.	::	07-13

The purpose of this research was to prepare and evaluate floating gastroretentive beads of Norfloxacin an antibiotic drug for prolonged gastric residence time and increased drug bioavailability. Floating beads were prepared by iontotropic gelation method using different polymers in varying ratios. The formulations were optimized on the basis of floating ability and in-vitro drug release. The floating beads were evaluated for micromeritic properties, entrapment efficiency, as well as in-vitro buoyancy study and drug release. The shape and surface morphology of the beads were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The floating microspheres showed particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, buoyancy and yield in the ranges of 285.78 – 432.20 μm, 65.25 – 88.36 %, 79.25 – 91.36 %, and 89.85 – 96.85 % respectively. In vitro drug release study confirms formulation F8 was the best formulation as it releases 97.96 % of Norfloxacin at the end of 12 hrs in controlled manner. This confirms the developed Norfloxacin floating gastroretentive system is a promising floating drug delivery system for oral sustained administration of Norfloxacin.

 

Keywords: Norfloxacin, Buoyancy time, Floating beads, Gastroretentive.

[1] Dixit N. Floating Drug Delivery System. Journal of current pharmaceutical research. 2011; 7(1): 6-20.
[2] Suryawanshi. A. Floating Drug Delivery System- a review. American journal of pharmaceutical research. 2012; 2(1): 138-152.

[3] Modi Kushal. Oral controlled release drug delivery system: an overview. International research journal of pharmacy. 2013; 4(3): 70-76.
[4] Ruchi Taneja. Floating microsphere: a potential gastroretentive drug delivery system. International journal of comprehensive pharmacy. 2013; 04 (01): 1-9.
[5] Nayak A. K. Gastroretentive drug delivery systems: a review. Asian journal of pharmaceutical and clinical research. 2010; 3(1): 2-10.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Antibacterial Activity of Some Marine Macro Algae From The Coastal Environments of Southern odisha
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Mohanta Rajesh Kumar ||, And Padhi S.B
Page No.	::	14-18

The Present Communication Deals With The Antibacterial Activity Of Five Seaweeds Gracilaria Verrucosa, , Enteromorpha Compressa, Polysiphonia Sertularioides,Chaetomorpha Linum And Ceramium Elegans Of Chilika Lake Against The Test Bacteria Escherichia Coli And Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. For Experimental Study Different Seaweed Extracts (Aqueous, Ethanol And Methanol ) Was Determined By The Disk Diffusion Method. From The Experiment It Was Found That In Aqueous Extracts Of Marine Algae There Was No Effect Of Antibacterial Activity Where As In Ethanol And Methanol Extracts, Antibacterial Activities Were Observed. Methanol Extracts Exhibited More Antibacterial Activity Than Ethanol Extracts Of Marine Algae.

 

Key Words: Antibacterial Activity, Disk Diffusion Method, Seaweeds, Test Organisms, Zone Of Inhibition

[1] Arul Senthil Kr., Rajesh P., Murugan. Antibacterial Activity Of The Crude Extracts Of The Seaweed Padina Boergesenii. Seaweed Res. Utiln.2008; 30:177-182.
[2] Bhakuni Ds., Silva M. Biodynamic Substances From Marine Flora. Bot. Mar. 1974 ; 17:40-51.
[3] Burkholder Pr., Burkholder Lm., Almodovar Lr. Antibiotic Activity Of Some Marine Algae Of Puerto Rico. Bot. Mar.1960;2:149-156.
[4] Glombitza Kw. Antimicrobial Constituents In Algae: Quantitative Determination Of Acrylic Acid In Sea-Algae. Planta Medica.1970; 18: 210-221
[5] Hornsey Is, Hide D (1974). The Production Of Antimicrobial Compounds By British Marine Algae. I. Antibiotic Producing Marine Algae. Br. Phycol. J. 9: 337-342.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Depressive Disorder And Mobility As Functional Predictors Falls In Elderly
Country	::	Brasil
Authors	::	G. Cordeiro Matias ||, Victor E. Cordeiro Santana ||, Marilia Andrade Fonseca ||, Marcos A.Almeida Matos
Page No.	::	19-24

To screen and correlate signs of depression, risk and reporting of falls in the elderly. Materials and methods: cross-sectional study of elderly living in the community. data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate statistics through the statistical package for social sciences, assuming α error = 0.5% and 95% confidence interval. Results: There were 127 elderlies with a mean age 71.84±6.97, most of whom were women (64.6%). The prevalence of depression was indicative of 80 (63.1%), OR:2.600, CI95%:1.237-5430, the average time spent on TUG walk (>14s), both were predictors of risk for falls. The Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC) evaluated the predictive value of depression scale whose area under the curve was 67% (p <0.001, CI95%:574-767). Conclusion:there is an association between depression and fall, the higher the deficit in mobility associated with the presence of depressive clue, the greater the chance for the occurrence of loss. The screening strategy is useful for early detection of weaknesses and adoption of improved preventive measures. Keywords: frail elderly; depressive disorder; Accidental falls.
I.

[1] Alvarega, MRM et.al. Síntomasdepresivosenancianos: análisis de lositems de la Escala de DepresiónGeriátrica .Actapaul. enferm. [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2015 Jun 02] ; 25( 4 ): 497-503.
[2] Bian C, Chunbo L, Qianglin D, Heng W. Reliability and validity of patient health questionnaire: Depressive syndrome module for outpatients. Scientific Research and Essays. Academic Journals. 2011; 6 (2): 278-282. [3] Eulário MC, Andrade TF, Melo RLR, Neri AL. Latent structure of depression in the elderly: a taxometric analysis. Cad. SaúdePública. [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2015 Mar 07]; 31(3): 555-564.

[4] Marques WV, Cruz VA, Rego J, Silva NA. Influência da capacidade funcional no risco de quedas em adultos com artrite reumatoide. Rev. Bras. Reumatol. 2014; 54(5): 404-408.
[5] Baader MT, Molina FJL, Venezian BS, Rojas CC, Farías SR et al. Validación y utilidad de laencuesta PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire) enel diagnóstico de depresiónen pacientes usuarios de atención primaria en Chile. Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr. [Internet]. 2012 Mar [citado 2016 Jun 08]; 50(1): 10-22.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Ethosomes:A Novel Vesicular Carrier System For Therapeutic Applications
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Anupamaa Tiwari ||, manoj Kumar Mishra ||, kania Nayak ||, sunil Kumar Yadav, ||, ashutosh Shukla
Page No.	::	25-33

Ethosomes Are Innovative Novel Vesicular System That Have Appeared In Fields Of Pharmaceutical Technology In Which Drugs Are Entrapped To Increase The Therapeutic Efficacy Of Drugs.Ethosomes Are Composed Of Phospholipid, Alcohol, Polyglycol And Water. Ethanol Increases The Penetration Rate Of The Skin And Delivers The Drug Into The Deeper Layers Of Skin. Ethosomes Is Widely Used Instead Of Liposomes Due To Its Improved Drug Delivery, Penetration Rateetc.Ethosomes Are Soft, Malleable Vesicles, And Can Be Used For Topical As Well As Systemic Administration. Ethosomes Carrier Have Many Opportunities In The Research And Development Of Therapies. The Main Purpose Of This Review Article Is To Provide Full Information On Ethosomes.

Keywords: Ethanol,Ethosomes, Skin Penetration, Topical/Transdermal Delivery, Transition Temperature

[1] Schreier H, Bouwstra J. Liposome And Niosomes As Topical Drug Carriers:Dermal And Transdermal Drug Delivery. Journal Of Controlled Release, 30(1), 1994,1-15. [2] Nikaljeap, Tiwari S.Ethosomes: A Novel Tool For Transdermal Drug Delivery.International Journal Of Research In Pharmacy And Science, 2(1), 2012, 1-20.
[3] Barupal Ak, Gupta V, Ramteke S. Preparation And Characterization Ethosomes For Topical Delivery Of Aceclofenac.Indian Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 72(5), 2010, 582-586.
[4] Heyneman Ca, Lawless-Liday C, Wall Gc. Oral Versus Topical Nsaids In Rheumatic Diseases: A Comparison. Drugs, 60(3), 2000, 555-574. [5] Sivakranth M, Anjuma Ap, Krishnaveni C, Venkatesh E. Ethosomes: A Novel Vesicular Drug Delivery System, International Journal Of Advanced Pharm, 2(1), 2012, 16-27.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Nanotechnology a Boon To Drug Delivary System
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Miss. S.Almas Nounihar
Page No.	::	34-38

Nanotechnology has entered the realm of drug delivary.Performances of intelligent drug delivery systems are improved to maximize therapeutic activity and to minimize undesirable side effects.Nanoparticles hold tremendous potential as an effective drug delivary.In this review we discussed recent development in Nanotechnology for drug delivary.This review describes the system, carbon nanotubes in drug delivery .To overcome the problems of gene and drug delivery nanotechnology has gained interest in recent years.Nano systems with different compositions and biological properties have been extensively investigated for drug and gene delivery applications. To achieve efficient drug delivery it is important to understand the interaction of Nanomaterials with the biological environment, targeting cell surface receptors, drug release, and multiple drug administration, stability of therapeutic agents and molecular mechanisms of cell signaling involved in pathobiology of the disease under consideration. Brain cancer is one of the most difficult malignancies to detect and treat mainly because of the difficulty in getting imaging and therapeutic agents past the blood-brain barrier and into the brain. The use of nanomaterials is a new approach to control disease progression which is discussed in detail in the present review. Keywords: Nanotechnology, drug delivery, carbon nanotube,malignancies,Nanomaterials.

[1] Brannon-Peppase L, Blanchette JQ. Nanoparticle and targeted systems for cancer therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2004;56:1649–1659. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2004.02.014. [PubMed] [Cross Ref] [2] Stylios GK, Giannoudis PV, Wan T. Applications of nanotechnologies in medical practice. Injury.2005;36:S6–S13. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2005.10.011. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]

[3] Fonseca C, Simoes S, Gaspar R. Paclitaxel-loaded PLGA nanoparticles: preparation, physicochemical characterization and in vitro anti-tumoral activity. J Control Release. 2002;83:273–286. doi: 10.1016/S0168-3659(02)00212-2. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]

[4] Yoo HS, Lee KH, Oh JE, Park TG. In vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activities of nanoparticles based on doxorubicin-PLGA conjugates. J Control Release. 2000;68:419–31. doi: 10.1016/S0168-3659(00)00280-7. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]

[5] Javad safari,zohre zamegar, Journal of Saudi chemical society.Release-2014:85-99.

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Formulation and Evaluation of Orodispersible Tablets Of Domperidone
Country	::	India
Authors	::	G.Sandhyarani ||, M.Sarangapani
Page No.	::	39-47

Orodispersible dosage forms are used for accurate dosing, enhanced bioavailability, rapid action, patient compliance, easy of administration, enhanced palatability. Domperidone drug taste was masked with Amberlite IRP 64 (1:3) effectively. Formulations F1,F2,F3,F4,F5,F6 and F7 are formulated with different concentrations of superdisintegrents by direct compression technique. Formulation F5 with crosscaramellose and crospovidone with 2mg, 2mg respectively showed better Water absorption ratio 76.73±2.88%, wetting time 26.66±2.08 sec and disintegration time 25±1.0 sec. By considering disintegration time and dissolution time (102.85±0.23 min.) and other evaluation parameters F5 considered as optimized formula for comparision study with marketed Respiridone conventional tablet 38.02% drug released.

[1] Velmurugan S And Sundar Vinushitha, Oral Disintegrating Tablets: An Overview; International Journal
Of Chemical And Pharmaceutical Sciences 2010, Dec., Vol.1 (2)
[2] Http://En.Wikipedia.Org/Wiki/Domperidone
[3] Http://Www.Pharmamanufacturerindia.Com/Doctors_Pdf/Domperidone.Pdf
[4] Http://Www.Cimsasia.Com/India/Interaction/Search/Risdone
[5] Lachman L, Liberman Ha. The Theory And Practice Of Industrial Pharmacy. 3rd Ed. Bombay: Varghese Publishing House; 1987. P. 430

Paper Type	::	Research Paper
Title	::	Development and Evaluation of Lyophilized Product of Apo- Acetozolamide
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Sandhyarani G ||, Ramesh alli
Page No.	::	48-63

Lyophilization or freeze drying involves the removal of water or other solvent from a frozen product
by a process called sublimation followed by desorption.Lyophilization is a multistage operation in which, quite
obviously, each step is critical. The main actors of this scenario are all well known and should be under strict to
achieve a successful operation.Freeze-dried products for parenteral use are known as Powders for injection or
infusion. As the stability of Acetazolamide in aqueous solution form was unstable it was formulated as
Lyophilized product.The objective of the present study was to develop a stable lyophilized formulation of drug
Apo-Acetazolamide for injection (500mg/vial) which is therapeutically equivalent to the reference listed
product, DIAMOX.

[1] M. J. Pikal , Takayuki doen,.Determination of end point of primary drying in freeze drying process control,AAPS PharmSciTech,vol II( march 2010).
[2] The importance of freezing on lyophilization cycle development, biopharm march(2002),pp :16-21.
[3] Eva Meister SLObodan sasic and Henning GieselerFeeeze_dry microscopy: impact of nucleation temperature and excipient concentration on collapse temperature data. control,AAPS PharmSciTech vol.10 (sep 2008), PP:582-588.
[4] M. J. Pikal. Lyophilization. In J. Swarbrick and J. Boylan (eds.), Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology, Marcel Dekker, New York, 2002, pp. 1299–1326.
[5] B. Lueckel, D. Bodmer, B. Helk, and H. Leuenberger. Formulations of sugars with amino acids or mannitol-influence of concentration ratio on the properties of the freeze-concentrate and the lyophilizate. Pharm. Dev. Technol. 3:325–336 (1998).